B. Thematic section, p. 9
1. The changing socio-economic context, Peter Mathias and Sidney Pollard (the late) with a contribution from Ivan Berend, p. 11
2. The international context, p. 48
Introduction, Herman Van der Wee, coordinator, p. 48
2.1. Europe, America and Africa, Jan Blomme, p. 49
2.2. Asia, Michelangelo van Meerten, p. 72

3. Industrialization and scientific and technological progress, Rainer Fremdling, p. 80
4. Mathematics, exact sciences and natural sciences, Charles Morazé, p. 95
5. The development of medicine, Huldrich M. Koelbing, p. 115
6. The humanities and social sciences, Alexander O. Chubariyan, coordinator in collaboration with Tatiana V. Golubkova, Igor N. Ionov, Marletta T. Stepaniants and Efim B. Tchernjak, p. 124
7. Education and research, Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, coordinator with contributions from Christine Blondel, Conrad, Grau, Leoncio López-Ocón, Françoise Mayeur, Maria-Luisa Ortega-Gálvez, Anne Rasmussen, Brigitte Schroeder-Gudehus and Iba Der Thiam, p. 151

8. Cultural development, arts and architecture, p. 174
8.1. The Western world, Raymond Vervliet, coordinator, p. 174
8.2. Latin America and the Caribbean, Patrick Collard, p. 218
8.3. Western Asia and Arab lands, Stephen Vernoit, p. 227
8.4. Asia, p. 235
8.4.1. Central Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia and China, Stephen Vernoit, p. 235
8.4.2. Japan, p. 244
8.4.2.1. Cultural development, literature and the arts, Paul A. Akamatsu, p. 244
8.4.2.2. Architecture, Nicholas Fievé, p. 249
8.4.3. Korea, Alain Delissen, p. 251
8.5. Sub-Saharan Africa, Roger Somé, p. 254

9. The place of religion in the cultures of the nineteenth century, Emile Poulat, coordinator with contributions from Ok-Sung Ann-Baron, Jean-Pierre Berthon, Isabelle Charleux, Khalifa Chater, Olivier Clément, Thierno M. Diallo, Jacques Gadille, Vincent Goossaert, Sophie Le Callenec, Indira Mahalingam Carr, Marie Louise Reiniche and Rodolfo de Roux, p. 260

C. Regional section, p. 279

10. Europe, p. 281
10.1. Western Europe, p. 281
10.1.1. The French Revolution and the twenty-three years war (1789-1815), François Crouzet, coordinator, p. 281
10.1.2. Peace and expansion (1815-1914), Theo C. Barker, p. 295
10.2. Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Nikolaï Todorov, coordinator, p. 313
10.2.1. The Habsburg Monarchy, Jean Béranger and Charles Kecskeméti, p. 313
10.2.2. Poland, Hanna Diylagowa, p. 324
10.2.3. Russia, Igor N. Ionov and Alexei N. Tsamutali, p. 328
10.2.4. South-Eastern Europe, p. 340
10.2.4.1. Overview, Nikolaï Todorov, p. 340
10.2.4.2. The arts, Remus Niculescu, p. 346

11. North America, Peter N. Stearns, p. 351

12. Latin America and the Caribbean, p. 372
12.1. Overview, Germán Carrera Damas, coordinator, p. 372
12.2. Mesoamerica, Perla Chinchilla, p. 385
12.3. Brazil, Francisco Iglesias, p. 391
12.4. The Río de la Plata, Luis Alberto Romero, p. 400
12.5. The Andean region, Margarita Guerra Martiniere, p. 404

13. Asia
Introduction, Wang Gung Wu, coordinator, p. 411
13.1. Northern and Central Asia, Ahmad Hasan Dani, p. 413
13.2. South Asia, Sumit Sarkar, p. 419
13.3. East Asia, p. 430
13.3.1. China, Shu-li Ji, p. 430
13.3.2. Japan, Hiroshi Mitani, p. 444
13.3.3. Korea, Seong-Rae Park, p. 451
13.4. South-East Asia, Cheah Boon Keng, p. 456
13.5. Conclusion, Wang Gung Wu, p. 460

14. Western Asia and Mediterranean Africa
Introduction, Abdul-Karim Rafeq, coordinator, p. 462
14.1. The Middle East, Turkey and Persia, Abdul-Karim Rafeq, p. 464
14.2. The Maghrib, Azzedine Guellouz, p. 473

15. Sub-Saharan Africa, Iba Der Thiam, coordinator in collaboration with Elisée Coulibaly, Jeanne-Marie Kambou-Ferrand and Christophe Wondji, p. 483
15.1. Africa under French domination, Christophe Wondji with Thierno Bah, Jean-Baptiste Kiéthéga and Djibril Tamsir Niane, p. 483
15.2. Countries of Western and Central Africa colonized by Britain and Germany, Francis Agbodeka, p. 504
15.3. Countries of Central and Eastern Africa colonized by Belgium and Germany, Emile Mworoha, p. 511
15.4. Eastern Africa, A. Buluda Itandala, p. 518
15.5. The Portuguese-speaking countries of Africa, Maria Emelia Madeira Santos, p. 524
15.6. Southern Africa, Ngwabi Bhebe, p. 531
15.7. The Indian Ocean, Rajaonah V. Faranirina and Christophe Wondji, p. 540
15.8. Conclusion, Christophe Wondji, p. 544

16. Australasia and the Pacific, Donald Denoon and Pamela Statham, p. 545

D. Conclusion, Germán Carrera Damas, p. 561

Chronological table, p. 569

Maps, p. 634

Plates, p. 651